<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.19b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: 96Mps7xRiXgen8uDanwsWaaN2bP9z5Z8iekhvWB3balafyos2wTRQiJRwN7WwecD -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" xmlns:MBOT="http://microbotmedical.com/20230630" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://microbotmedical.com/20230630">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
          <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheets" id="InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
          <link:definition>00000002 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" id="InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
          <link:definition>00000003 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLoss" id="InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLoss">
          <link:definition>00000004 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfShareholdersEquity" id="InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfShareholdersEquity">
          <link:definition>00000005 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfShareholdersEquityParenthetical" id="InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfShareholdersEquityParenthetical">
          <link:definition>00000006 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" id="InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
          <link:definition>00000007 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/General" id="General">
          <link:definition>00000008 - Disclosure - GENERAL</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
          <link:definition>00000009 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/Leases" id="Leases">
          <link:definition>00000010 - Disclosure - LEASES</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies" id="CommitmentsAndContingencies">
          <link:definition>00000011 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ShareCapital" id="ShareCapital">
          <link:definition>00000012 - Disclosure - SHARE CAPITAL</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SubsequentEvents" id="SubsequentEvents">
          <link:definition>00000013 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
          <link:definition>00000014 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables">
          <link:definition>00000015 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/LeasesTables" id="LeasesTables">
          <link:definition>00000016 - Disclosure - LEASES (Tables)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/GeneralDetailsNarrative" id="GeneralDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>00000017 - Disclosure - GENERAL (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfFinancialAssetsFairValueMeasurementDetails" id="ScheduleOfFinancialAssetsFairValueMeasurementDetails">
          <link:definition>00000018 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfSupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" id="ScheduleOfSupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails">
          <link:definition>00000019 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION RELATED TO OPERATING LEASES (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" id="ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails">
          <link:definition>00000020 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF MATURITIES OF LEASE LIABILITIES (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfSupplementalInformationRelatedToLeasesDetails" id="ScheduleOfSupplementalInformationRelatedToLeasesDetails">
          <link:definition>00000021 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION RELATED TO LEASES (Details)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsNarrative" id="CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>00000022 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ShareCapitalDetailsNarrative" id="ShareCapitalDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>00000023 - Disclosure - SHARE CAPITAL (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative" id="SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative">
          <link:definition>00000024 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
          <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
          <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
        </link:roleType>
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20230630_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20230630_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20230630_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Calculation Links" />
        <link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20230630_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Definition Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-types-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2023/country-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-types-2023.xsd" />
    <element id="MBOT_MarketableSecuritiesMember" name="MarketableSecuritiesMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_TwoThousandThirteenToJuneThirtyTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" name="TwoThousandThirteenToJuneThirtyTwoThousandTwentyThreeMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_IsraeliInnovationAuthorityMember" name="IsraeliInnovationAuthorityMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_CardioSertLtdMember" name="CardioSertLtdMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_NitiloopMember" name="NitiloopMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_TechnionResearchAndDevelopmentFoundationLimitedMember" name="TechnionResearchAndDevelopmentFoundationLimitedMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_TechnologyMember" name="TechnologyMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" name="AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_HCWainwrightAndCoLLCMember" name="HCWainwrightAndCoLLCMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_DeviceMember" name="DeviceMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_IntegratedProductMember" name="IntegratedProductMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember" name="SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_AllianceInvestmentManagementLtdMember" name="AllianceInvestmentManagementLtdMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_JosephMonaMember" name="JosephMonaMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SeriesDPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" name="SeriesDPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_WainwrightMember" name="WainwrightMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SeriesCPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" name="SeriesCPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SeriesAPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" name="SeriesAPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SeriesBPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" name="SeriesBPreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCostsNotPaid" name="PaymentsOfStockIssuanceCostsNotPaid" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_ShortTermDepositInInvestingActivities" name="ShortTermDepositInInvestingActivities" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_IssuanceExpenses" name="IssuanceExpenses" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_RepaymentOfGovernmentGrants" name="RepaymentOfGovernmentGrants" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_NetSalesRoyaltyPercentage" name="NetSalesRoyaltyPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_CurrencyExchangeRateDescription" name="CurrencyExchangeRateDescription" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_BuyBackAmountPerPatent" name="BuyBackAmountPerPatent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_ConsultingFeeDescription" name="ConsultingFeeDescription" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_MonthlyConsultationFeeInUsd" name="MonthlyConsultationFeeInUsd" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_OfferingCosts" name="OfferingCosts" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_GrossProceedsFromCashFeePercentage" name="GrossProceedsFromCashFeePercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_GrossProceedsFromManagementFeePercentage" name="GrossProceedsFromManagementFeePercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_RoyaltiesPercentage1" name="RoyaltiesPercentage1" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_PreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" name="PreferredInvestmentOptionsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
</schema>
