<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.16b -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: 96Mps7xRiXgen8uDanwsWaOKWbP9z5Z8+ekhvWB3bQmaHy0iM7NcUylUeZgmEYsH -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/srt-sup/2022q3" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:MBOT="http://microbotmedical.com/20220930" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://microbotmedical.com/20220930">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
	  <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheets" id="InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
	  <link:definition>00000002 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" id="InterimConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
	  <link:definition>00000003 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLoss" id="InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfComprehensiveLoss">
	  <link:definition>00000004 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimStatementsOfShareholdersEquity" id="InterimStatementsOfShareholdersEquity">
	  <link:definition>00000005 - Statement - Interim Statements of Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows" id="InterimConsolidatedStatementsOfCashFlows">
	  <link:definition>00000006 - Statement - Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/General" id="General">
	  <link:definition>00000007 - Disclosure - GENERAL</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
	  <link:definition>00000008 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/Leases" id="Leases">
	  <link:definition>00000009 - Disclosure - LEASES</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingencies" id="CommitmentsAndContingencies">
	  <link:definition>00000010 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ShareCapital" id="ShareCapital">
	  <link:definition>00000011 - Disclosure - SHARE CAPITAL</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SubsequentEvents" id="SubsequentEvents">
	  <link:definition>00000012 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
	  <link:definition>00000013 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables" id="SummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesTables">
	  <link:definition>00000014 - Disclosure - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/LeasesTables" id="LeasesTables">
	  <link:definition>00000015 - Disclosure - LEASES (Tables)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/GeneralDetailsNarrative" id="GeneralDetailsNarrative">
	  <link:definition>00000016 - Disclosure - GENERAL (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesFairValueMeasurementsDetails" id="ScheduleOfFinancialAssetsAndLiabilitiesFairValueMeasurementsDetails">
	  <link:definition>00000017 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Details)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfSupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails" id="ScheduleOfSupplementalCashFlowInformationRelatedToOperatingLeasesDetails">
	  <link:definition>00000018 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION RELATED TO OPERATING LEASES (Details)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails" id="ScheduleOfMaturitiesOfLeaseLiabilitiesDetails">
	  <link:definition>00000019 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF MATURITIES OF LEASE LIABILITIES (Details)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ScheduleOfSupplementalInformationRelatedToLeasesDetails" id="ScheduleOfSupplementalInformationRelatedToLeasesDetails">
	  <link:definition>00000020 - Disclosure - SCHEDULE OF SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION RELATED TO LEASES (Details)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsNarrative" id="CommitmentsAndContingenciesDetailsNarrative">
	  <link:definition>00000021 - Disclosure - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/ShareCapitalDetailsNarrative" id="ShareCapitalDetailsNarrative">
	  <link:definition>00000022 - Disclosure - SHARE CAPITAL (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://microbotmedical.com/role/SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative" id="SubsequentEventsDetailsNarrative">
	  <link:definition>00000023 - Disclosure - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Narrative)</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20220930_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20220930_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20220930_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Calculation Links" />
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mbot-20220930_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Definition Links" />
      </appinfo>
    </annotation>
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2022/dei-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-gaap-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap-sup/2022q3" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022q3/us-gaap-sup-2022q3.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-sup/2022q3" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022q3/srt-sup-2022q3.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2022/elts/us-types-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2022/country-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-2022.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2022" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2022/elts/srt-types-2022.xsd" />
    <element id="MBOT_OtherMoneyMarketFundsMember" name="OtherMoneyMarketFundsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_TwoThousandThirteenToJuneThirtyTwoThousandTwentyTwoMember" name="TwoThousandThirteenToJuneThirtyTwoThousandTwentyTwoMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_IsraeliInnovationAuthorityMember" name="IsraeliInnovationAuthorityMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_CardioSertLtdMember" name="CardioSertLtdMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_NitiloopMember" name="NitiloopMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_TechnionResearchAndDevelopmentFoundationLimitedMember" name="TechnionResearchAndDevelopmentFoundationLimitedMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_TechnologyMember" name="TechnologyMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" name="AtTheMarketOfferingAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_HCWainwrightAndCoLLCMember" name="HCWainwrightAndCoLLCMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_DeviceMember" name="DeviceMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_IntegratedProductMember" name="IntegratedProductMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember" name="SecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_AllianceInvestmentManagementLtdMember" name="AllianceInvestmentManagementLtdMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_JosephMonaMember" name="JosephMonaMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_HarelGadotMember" name="HarelGadotMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_EmployeeAndConsultantsAndDirectorsMember" name="EmployeeAndConsultantsAndDirectorsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_PurchaseAgreementMember" name="PurchaseAgreementMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SeriesAWarrantMember" name="SeriesAWarrantMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_SeriesBWarrantMember" name="SeriesBWarrantMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_DisclosureLeasesAbstract" name="DisclosureLeasesAbstract" abstract="true" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock" name="NewAccountingPronouncementsPolicyNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_ScheduleOfSupplementalInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfSupplementalInformationRelatedToLeasesTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_UnrestrictedCashAndCashEquivalent" name="UnrestrictedCashAndCashEquivalent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_RepaymentOfGovernmentGrants" name="RepaymentOfGovernmentGrants" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_NetSalesRoyaltyPercentage" name="NetSalesRoyaltyPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_BuyBackAmountPerPatent" name="BuyBackAmountPerPatent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_ConsultingFeeDescription" name="ConsultingFeeDescription" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_MonthlyConsultationFeeInUsd" name="MonthlyConsultationFeeInUsd" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_CurrencyExchangeRateDescription" name="CurrencyExchangeRateDescription" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_OfferingCosts" name="OfferingCosts" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_RoyaltiesPercentage1" name="RoyaltiesPercentage1" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_NumberOfPoststockSplitSharesReturned" name="NumberOfPoststockSplitSharesReturned" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
    <element id="MBOT_InterestPaidFromLitigation" name="InterestPaidFromLitigation" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" />
</schema>
